The Holidays With Pay Act Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2324 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? It is a common problem in workplaces where different people speak different languages. Different regions in the world speak English, Spanish, French and other foreign languages. Persons should not lingo around employees that cannot speak their language because it causes confusions.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Diversity A guiding belief is put in place to hire a definite amount of people from different ethnic and cultural groups. This allocation is based on that the approach doesnt allow you to get the most out of workplace array. The diversity challenge is to embrace differences right to the root of the organization. Managers have to listen intimately to the ideas from people from different cultural, race and age groups.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Discrimination Some people would dare say an offensive slur in the workplace. Discrimination can wait in a more intimidating form that is unnoticed by managers. You have women and visible minorities there at your organization . Small businesses can disguise prejudice in the bud by providing support and equal opportunities to all employees. Promotions and pay decisions on objective criteria. Sales numbers or performance review statistics. Global Challenges Advances in Technology Advances in technology will likely impact on human resources on three separate insertions:  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Changes in efficiencies brought about at local institutions leading to the removal of some positions and creation of others.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ There will be an elimination of a number of secretarial and other low tech positions.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶There will be a dramatically increased need for health informatics specialists trained specifically to meet the intricate Information Communication Technology (ICT) needs of organizations.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶Generally there will be a shift that will occur within the healthcare industry toward positions requiring higher education and training and higher salarie s, which will be funded through cost savings made possible by reducing waste, repetition and costly medical errors. Human Resource Plan Job Analysis  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ A human resources planner must predict what kinds of jobs the company will need to fill in the future. This might include replacing employees who leave and finding employees to fill positions that dont yet exist in the organization. Job analysis ensures that human resource planners know the skills needed to fill these positions, when employees join the organization and also what kinds of qualifications, and personal qualities successful workers display. Macroeconomic Modeling  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Forecasters use computer macroeconomic modeling programs to predict future labor force needs. This type of program uses various financial indicators to determine how a labor force must grow or shrink in response to changes in the labor market. A program can or cant include psychoanalysis of past economic trends. Computerized Forecast  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ The determination of future employees needs by projecting organization sales, volume of production and personnel required to maintain the output using computers and software packages.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Human Resource Budget and Planning Analysis Legal Environment Equal employment opportunity cannot be denied any person because of his or her racial group or professed racial group.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Sex Discrimination  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Sexual harassment- Includes practices ranging from direct requests for sexual favors to workplace conditions that create an unfriendly atmosphere for persons of either gender. Sometimes including same sex harassment.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Pregnancy based discrimination-Pregnancy, childbirth, and related medical conditions must be treated in the same way as other provisional illnesses or conditions. The Employment (Equal Pay for Men and Women) Act  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Employers must pay men and women equally. If an employer has both male and female workers in substantially similar positions, he is not allowed to pay them any differently.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Employers also must keep records of payment so that they can prove that they have complied with the Employment Act The Minimum Wage Act This act created minimum wages for different professions. Each profession has its own base minimum wage. The wage changes with hours and with people whose income is a household income. This act created minimum wages for different professions. Each profession has its own base minimum wage. The wage changes with hours and with people whose income is a household income. Workers must also be paid more on holidays, Sundays and Good Friday .Workers must also be paid more on holidays, Sundays and Good Friday. Rest day- means in relation to a worker such day of the week as may be excluded from single time work in respect of a worker. Single time work- means work done duri ng any period not exceeding eight hours on any standard day. Forty hours in any one week of five standard days. The Holidays with Pay Act  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Holiday remuneration-the amount of remuneration payable to a worker during any holidays with pay to which he may be entitled under any order. Casual worker means any worker who is employed from day to day for the performance of a particular task which normally cannot be performed in less than one working day.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Workers earnings-the regular amounts paid by an employer to a worker in respect of the workers services, but do not include any amount paid in respect of overtime work or by way of bonus unless any payments by way of bonus form part of such regular amounts. Power to provide for holidays with pay, sick leave, gratuities and sick benefit in any occupation.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Minister may by order direct that workers, including casual workers, in any occupation shall be entitled to be allowed such holidays with pay, such sick leave with pay. Recruitment and Selection Process  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Identify Vacancy and Evaluate Need  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Develop Position Description  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Develop Recruitment Plan  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Select Search Committee  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Post Position and Implement Recruitment Plan  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Review Applicants and Develop Short List  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Conduct Interviews  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Select Hire  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Finalize Recruitment Identify Vacancy and Evaluate Need Recruitments provide opportunities to departments such as aligning staff skill sets to initiatives and goals and planning for departmental and individual growth. Although there is work involved in the hiring process, proper planning and evaluation of the need will lead to hiring the right person for the role and team. Develop Position Description A position description also referred to as a job description is the core of a successful recruitment process. From the job description, interview questions, interview evaluations and reference checks questions are developed. Develop Recruitment Plan Each position requires a documented Recruitment Plan which is approved by the organizational unit. A carefully structured recruitment plan maps out the strategy for attracting and hiring the best qualified candidate and helps to ensure an applicant pool which includes women and underrepresented groups including veterans and individuals with disabilities. Select Search Committee To ensure applicants selected for interview and final consideration are evaluated by more than one individual to minimize the potential for personal bias, a selection committee is formed. The hiring manager will identify members who will have direct and indirect interaction with the applicant in the course of their job. Each hiring manager should make an effort to appoint a search committee that represents a diverse cross section of the staff. A member of the committee will be appointed as the Affirmative Action and Compliance Liaison who will monitor the affirmative action aspects of the search committee. Post Position and Implement Recruitment Plan Once the position description has been completed, the position can then be posted to the UCR career site via the ATS. Every effort should be made to ensure the accuracy of the job description and posting text. It is not advisable and in some instances, not possible to change elements of a posted position. The reason for this has to do with the impact a given change may have on the applicant pool. Review Applicants and Develop Short List Once the position has been posted, candidates will apply via job board. Candidates will complete an electronic applicant for each position. Candidates will be considered Applicants or Expressions of Interest. Conduct Interview The interview is the single most important step in the selection process. It is the opportunity for the employer and prospective employee to learn more about each other and validate information provided by both. By following these interviewing guidelines, you will ensure you have conducted a thorough interview process and have all necessary data to properly evaluate skills and abilities. Training and Development Establishing Analysis This step identifies activities to justify an investment for training. The techniques necessary for the data collection are surveys, observations, interviews, and customer comment cards. Several examples of an analysis outlining specific training needs are customer dissatisfaction, low morale, low productivity, and high turnover. By determining training needs, an organization can decide what specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes are needed to improve the employees performance in accordance with the companys standards. The needs analysis is the starting point for all training. The primary objective of all training is to improve individual and organizational performance. Establishing a needs analysis is, and should always be the first step of the training process. Developing Training Program and Manuals Establishes the development of current job descriptions and standards and procedures. Job descriptions should be clear and concise and may serve as a major training tool for the identification of guidelines. Once the job description is completed, a complete list of standards and procedures should be established from each responsibility outlined in the job description. Deliver The Training Program This step is responsible for the instruction and delivery of the training program. Once you have designated your trainers, the training technique must be decided. One-on-one training, on-the-job training, group training, seminars, and workshops are the most popular methods. Before presenting a training session, make sure you have a tho rough understanding of the following characteristics of an effective trainer. The trainer should have:  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ A desire to teach the subject being taught.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ A working knowledge of the subject being taught.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ An ability to motivate participants to want to learn.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ A good sense of humor.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ A dynamic appearance and good posture.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ A strong passion for their topic.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ A strong compassion towards their participants.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Appropriate audio/visual equipment to enhance the training session. For a training program to be successful, the trainer should be conscious of several essential elements, including a controlled environment, good planning, and the use of various training methods, good communication skills, and trainee participation. Evaluate The Training Program this step will determine how effective and profitable your training pr ogram has been. Methods for evaluation are pre-and post- surveys of customer comments cards, the establishment of a cost or benefit analysis outlining your expenses and returns, and an increase in customer satisfaction and profits. The reason for an evaluation system is simple. The evaluation of training programs is without a doubt the most important step in the training process. It is this step that will indicate the effectiveness of both the training as well as the trainer. There are several obvious benefits for evaluating a training program. First, evaluations will provide feedback on the trainers performance, allowing them to improve themselves for future programs. Second, evaluations will indicate its cost-effectiveness. Third, evaluations are an efficient way to determine the overall effectiveness of the training program for the employees as well as the organization.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Contract of Employment is an agreement between an employer and employee and is the basis of the employment relationship.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ The employer has a right to give reasonable instructions to the employees for work at the job. These rights and obligations are called contractual terms. A contract of employment is made up of two types of contractual terms. These are:  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Expressed terms  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Implied terms Most employment contracts do not need to be in writing to be legally valid.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ A contract starts as soon as an offer of employment is accepted. Starting work proves that you accept the terms and conditions offered by the employer.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Most employees are legally entitled to a Written Statement of the main terms and conditions of employment within two calendar months of starting work. This should include details of things like pay, holidays and working hours.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ An existing contract of employment can be varied only with the agreement of both parties.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Some people might assume that a contract of employment consists of only those things that are set out in writing between an employer and an employee. Its true that many of the main issues, such as pay and holidays, are usually agreed in writing. Express contractual terms- Express terms in an employment contract are those that are explicitly agreed between employees and employers. Implied contractual terms- Implied terms in an employment contract are those which are not specifically agreed between the employer and employee. I chose express contractual because I can monitor amount of wages, including any overtime or bonus pay.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ hours of work, including overtime  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Holiday pay, including how much time off employees is entitled.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ sick pay  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ redundancy pay Because a contract will still exist even if there is nothing written down, anything which was said to employees by the employer ab out their rights, and anything which are agreed verbally, should be recorded. It is best to put a contract in writing it saves a lot of potential misunderstanding further down the line. Simple misunderstandings over what is or what is not in a contract can often be the main cause of employment tribunal claims. Methods of Compensation The key to managing performance through rewards is linking the desired performance with the appropriate reward.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Total compensation is the complete pay package for employees including all forms of money, benefits, services, and in kind payments  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Direct compensation refers to the actual salary rates paid to employees for the work they perform.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ System rewards are automatically given to all employees for merely being members of their organization. System rewards can be defined as being the basic wage rates.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Individual rewards are given to employees based on the qua lity and quantity of their performance. Performance related pay (PRP) is seen as an individual reward policy, where pay is rewarded in relation to the volume of output. PRP can cause divisions amongst workers, where employees become more worried about the fact that their colleagues are being paid more than them.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Growth rewards are received by employees for job innovation, learning and improvement. . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Holidays With Pay Act Business Essay" essay for you Create order

The Influences of Religion on Italy Essay examples

Italy Italy is an European country. Italian is its official language, and 93% of the population is native Italian speakers. Its ethnic background includes small clusters of German-Italians, French-Italians, Slovene-Italians, Albanian-Italians, and Greek-Italians. With various clusters of people come various beliefs in religion. Religion has influenced the culture, artists, and national treasures of Italy in various ways. Culture is one aspect of Italy that is highly influenced by religion. Religion was part of the state constitution. The people of Italy are Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim. The Muslim community is still continuing to grow. The Jews, Muslim, Orthodox, or Eastern Rite Catholics make up about 2% of the†¦show more content†¦March 19th is celebrated as the Feast of St. Joseph. It began in the Middle Ages when there was a drought in Sicily. The desperate people living there asked Joseph for rain in exchange for a huge meal in his honor. Of course, the rai ns came and the land was thriving again. In keeping their promise, the people prepared an enormous feast, beginning the tradition of the St. Joseph’s Table and giving food to the less fortunate. Today, many churches and organizations still host St. Joseph’s Tables, in which parishioners or members prepare and donate large amounts of food, all meat-less items. The Italians do believe in the supernatural. Many general supernatural beliefs of the Catholic Church are intertwined with older beliefs. An example is Sicily, in which, Arabic and Greek influences have blended with popular Spanish beliefs and been incorporated into Catholicism. They have beliefs in the evil eye, charms, spells, messages through dreams, and various other types of omens. They believed in witches with powers and anti-witches. Many of the beliefs have died out with the knowledge of the modern age. The people of the capital of Italy, Rome, do not believe in one single all-powerful god. 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Legal Drinking Age Should Be Raised free essay sample

The reason for that is; you know that not only 18 year olds drink, but already 15 year olds are drinking alcohol heavily, and that is the main problem. Raising the legal drinking age would only offend the almost adult teenagers (18 year old teenagers). Younger teens are always going to find a way to get alcohol in smaller shops, where the merchant only wants to get some money. If not so, an older friend can buy some alcohol for these kids, maybe brother, sister or even parents. However, there are some good reasons why the drinking age should be raised. This raise would probably aggrieve the not so heavy drinkers and make them not drink as much as they did before. It would lower the access for younger people to alcohol. If the government raises the legal drinking age, it sure will be a good start of fighting against drunk youth. I think that not all the teenagers are a problem, but only some of them, who don’t know the limits. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Drinking Age Should Be Raised or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most likely there are many responsible teenagers and the drinking age raise wouldn’t be fair to these people and the already adult ( 18 year olds ) teenagers.

Physical Fitness in Aviation

Table of Contents Abstract Background Human Factors Importance of Physical Fitness Maintaining Fitness Conclusion References Abstract Movement is one of the most essential aspects of human life which help in driving the economy of nations. Unfortunately, gaps in human performance usually lead to mistakes which mostly end up in accidents. Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Physical Fitness in Aviation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research has shown that physical fitness of a person reduces chances of a person getting sick since it improves the immune system of the body. Regular exercises have been proofed to increase stamina and body strength thus enabling a person to work for long without getting tired. On the same point, a physically fit person is able to avoid abdominal and back pains associated with sitting for long. In conjunction with that, sharpness of the mind increases when one engages in phys ical exercises regularly thus enabling the person to deal with critical situations effectively besides enhances being alert incase of any emergency. It is depicted that, physical fitness of the entire plane crew highly affects their actions and performance because of the close relationship between physical fitness and human factors in aviation. Since plane crew has little time to access exercise equipments, ways are suggested through which they can be creative and use what they can access in their places of destination to keep their bodies physically fit. Background Many plane accidents that occur today have been associated with the human mistake as opposed to mechanical failure of the craft. Pilots make mistakes of judgment either due to loss of concentration or lack of alertness which leads to the pilots being unable to respond quickly and efficiently when they are required to do so (Salas Maurino 2010). On top of that, the body functioning of a human being highly determines th e degree of responsiveness that the same person will exhibit in any given situation, and this in the end, determines the results that should be expected. While human beings most of the time like to work very much, overworking the body can lead to fatal outcomes which would have been prevented if proper attention was given to the body. Aviation is an aspect that highly depends on the judgment of the people on the crew and the pilot for any outcome therefore, necessitating the importance of one to be careful with the health state of their bodies (Stolzer, Halford Goglia 2010). The human factors which seem minute to some extent are very vital when it comes to aviation because they influence the decision making process of people on whose care the aircraft is entrusted. Advertising Looking for term paper on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, it has been noted that physical fitness has a far reaching impact on the h uman factors. If one does not have enough exercises for example, the probability of fatigue increases and this may hinder the degree of alertness of the person and this might be a cause of accidents (Rink, Hall Williams 2010). On top of that, it should be noted that the aviation crew does not engage in any active activity and they work for long hours in some cases making their bodies weak therefore their vulnerability to stress and tiredness increases. The correlation between accidents and human factors is therefore very high and many of these accidents can be prevented if attention is paid to human factors. In conjunction with that, the relationship between human factors in aviation and physical fitness of the people involved is very direct and these calls for quick address to help in controlling accidents (Salvendy 2012). Human Factors Human factors are defined as the process of relationship between human beings and the machines with which they work on, the interpersonal relatio nship amongst people, the way people interact with the environment and how they carry out procedures of their duties. It should be noted that, human behavior is also included in the human factors since to some extent it affects the performance of a person (Hoeger W. Hoeger S. 2011). Despite people being very health and perfectly trained, there occurs mistakes that sometimes cause financial losses as well as deaths and these mistakes can be traced back to gaps in human performance caused by otherwise preventable human errors. Furthermore, extreme workload has been known to adversely affect performance, while low levels of workload also encourage laziness meaning that the right amount of workload is essential for maximum output. The most important person in the airplane is the pilot and efforts have been made anciently to ensure that besides being very highly qualified, pilots receive regular training to ensure that they are at their best at all times. But it should be noted that t he airplane crew does not work each person in isolation rather they work as a group and therefore group performance also should be taken into consideration. This has generated interest in coming up with ways of incorporating the group relationships, teamwork and leadership as part of human factors during trainings to enhance cooperation and communication among crew members thus, enhancing efficiency and effectiveness (Salas Maurino 2010). Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Physical Fitness in Aviation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In coherent with that, an effective human factors management should be incorporated in the company processes like training, vacations, quality management and various investigations. This will ensure that at least every member of the company will have a chance of undergoing a refreshing course regularly. It is important to note that, human factors are influenced by several factor s which range from the environment that one is operating in to the physical body state of the person involved. Noise, heat, extreme cold and sometimes vibration are some of the environmental factors that increase the chances of human errors if one is exposed to the same. Unfortunately people have no power over some environmental factors because they are natural but their effects can be controlled by taking precautions in advance and training people on what steps to take incase they are faced with various environmental situations (Carayon 2011). On the same note, it is known that the body works in a systematic way and it does so depending on some factors like the day and night, food times, and other social aspects. Disturbances of the daily body routine affect the biological functioning of a human being making the body ineffective to some extent and this leads to the problems of misjudgment or fatigue. Physical fitness of a person is another determinant of how effective one can be and contributes largely to the human factors. A physically fit person is less likely to be stressed and thus, cause mistakes as compared to a person who does not engage in exercises. Importance of Physical Fitness A person who is physically fit is intellectually and physical ready to take up any task that is assigned to him and will have the energy to keep up with the requirements of the task at hand. On top of that, it has been noted that physical fitness does not only improve ones physical condition but also the mental and the health conditions. Actively involving one’s body in exercises improves the mind‘s ability to endure the daily stress that one goes through in the course of work. Additionally, regular physical exercises decrease the chances of having heart attacks, certain types of cancer, high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol (Salvendy 2012). This increases the chances of the crew flying the entire flight without falling sick and not jeopardizing the lives of all the people on board. Advertising Looking for term paper on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In conjunction with that, engaging in regular exercises has been proved to increase energy and strength making people more capable to carry out physical activities better. In this light, people involved in aviation should also exercise regularly to increase their energy and stamina therefore, allowing them to fly for long hours without feeling bored and fatigued. Furthermore, trying to loose weight by just dieting, is straining the body because the body loses water and muscles in the process thus weakening the body. On the contrary, physically fit person is able to loose weight without loosing water and thus, remain strong while at the same time decrease the amount of fats in the body. It is therefore healthier to loose weight by exercising regularly instead of trying to diet. On top of that, the plane crew most of the time is not involved in physically challenging activities and are therefore prone to gain weight and fats (Stolzer, Halford Goglia 2010). If this is left unchecked i t will lead to body weaknesses and some diseases that are associated with a lot of fats in the body thus, reducing the productivity of the crew besides reducing their readiness to taken on duties as and when they come especially emergencies. On the same note, people flying planes are mostly seated and this in the long run will lead to straining of the abdominal and back muscles. Regular exercises that are meant to improve physical fitness also help in strengthening the abdominal and back muscles thus, making the seating more enjoyable making the crew able to remain active throughout the flight without feeling back pains. Similarly, exercises have been known to improve the immune system of a person besides improving the brain functioning. Good immune system enable one to avoid diseases which otherwise would have reduced the effectiveness of the person (Carayon 2011). On the same note, by increasing the brain functioning exercises help to improve mind sharpness thus, a person can be alert incase of any emergency thus being able to handle the situation effectively besides reducing chances of dementia and Alzheimer’s diseases. It is important to note here that, regular exercises help in improving the sleeping habits of a person because it helps in the relaxing the muscles. People who engage regularly in exercises sleep continuously without waking up in the middle of the night which enables them to wake in the morning feeling fresh than those who do not exercise. This will work well for the plane crew who always are involved in long flights and therefore need a good rest whenever they have time to rest. In addition to that, during exercises some chemicals are released in the brain which helps in reduction of depression feelings, anger, anxiety and stress. These feelings are known to make people to be antisocial and moody as well as hindering good cooperation and fluent communication within the company. Therefore, for improved moods and interrelationships within the company, exercises play a great role and should be advocated for (Rink, Hall Williams 2010). The plane crew need to work as a group since everybody has a role in ensuring a smooth and successful flight and if people start working as individuals the success of the flight might be hampered. Moreover, happiness and output of a person increases when one is physically fit than when the body is unhealthy. This also improves the interactions of people with others in the work places and reduces the chances of people being angry because conflict resolutions become easy. Additionally, flexibility of a person improves when one exercises regularly and this is important especially for pilots whose coordination is required to be efficient during flights since they have to operate many things (Salvendy 2012). Pilot’s decisions during a flight depend on rational evaluation of the available alternatives and speed of acting giving safety maximum emphasis and it relies to a great er extent the ability of the pilot to take risks. On top of that, the attitude towards risk enables a pilot to assess risks that they may be facing as a flight and make decisions while they remain calm and collected. These characteristics are improved when one is involved regularly in exercises. Maintaining Fitness Before engaging in any activity, one has to determine the right amount of exercises that are healthy for the body. Crew members require a little bit engagement in exercises because they do not engage their bodies in active programs. Healthy management of the body is also very important for pilots who have long hours in job and only have minimal time off duty. Taking a walk in a layover hotel or using the resource available there and take good use of the hotel environment is a good idea because sometimes the hotels might not have equipments for exercises (Salas Maurino 2010). Although some hotels are situated in an environment that is not suitable for one to walk around, some may have stairways which can help in aerobics since one can take a walk on the stair cases. As much as exercises are good for the physical fitness of the body, some situations do not allow for outdoor exercises and crew members should avoid taking the risks of going out. Winter is very cold and chances of accidents occurring are high and this can involve the crew members thus, they should avoid going out. On top of that, it is advisable for the crew members who always get themselves in hotels that do not have training facilities to have their own training equipment so as to improve their chances of training. Unfortunately, when one carries around training equipment only light and portable equipment can help but when they are used properly they will along way to help. However, due to inability to know whether training facilities are available at the layover hotel that one may book during their days off, creativity is important as it helps in coming up with ways of using the av ailable facilities and resources to exercise (Carayon 2011). Conclusion Pilots and all crew members are involved in duties that require their body to be physically fit besides demanding that they be strong and remain active or else put all the people in the plane on risk of being involved in accidents. It is therefore important that physical fitness be observed as these highly influences the human factors that have been broadly depicted as the highest cause of accidents. More importantly, aviation companies should find a way of incorporating physical exercises in their programs such that their members can have a chance of exercising as this improves output besides reducing chances of accidents. References Carayon, P. (2011). Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care and Patient Safety. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Hoeger, W. K., Hoeger, S. A. (2011). Principles and Labs for Physical Fitness. Stanford: Cengage Learning. Rink, J. E., Hall, T. J., Williams, L. H. (2010). Sch oolwide Physical Activity. Champaign: Human Kinetics. Salas, E., Maurino, D. E. (2010). Human Factors in Aviation. Waltham: Academic Press. Salvendy, G. (2012). Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics. Hoboken: John Wiley sons. Stolzer, A. J., Halford, C. D., Goglia, J. J. (2010). 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